Oxy-acetylene gas welding, also known as gas welding, is a widely used welding process that makes use a flame produced by the combustion of a mixture of oxygen and acetylene gases to heat and melt the metal being welded. The flame is directed onto the metal, and as...
Atomic hydrogen welding is an arc welding process that makes use of hydrogen gas to surround and transfer heat from an arc to the base metal. An atomic hydrogen welding torch contains two tungsten metal electrodes that form the electric arc. Hydrogen gas (H2) is used...
Unusually high stresses may occur when a load is applied over a small area of contact. This phenomenon typically arises on a microscopic scale when a force is transmitted through two bodies in contact. Practical examples include contact of a wheel and a rail, valve...
To be able to describe the motion of a body in mathematical terms, we must first understand the type of motion it is undergoing. The equation(s) of motion to be used will vary depending on the situation under consideration. 1. Linear motion There are three general...
Powder metallurgy (PM) is a relatively new manufacturing method, although there is some evidence it was practiced by ancient civilisations such as the Egyptians and the Incas. The technique, as we know it today, developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth...
Drilling is a very common operation used for making holes in a material. The tool used is called a drill or drill bit. The drill bit is made to rotate and moves into the material to form a hole. These tools can have high length to diameter ratios, thus allowing deep...
Traditional machining operations, such as drilling and milling, have involved the use of sharp cutting tools to form a piece of material into a desired shape. With time, other machining operations, referred to as non-traditional, have been developed. These no longer...
Resistors may be used to represent various electrical components used in practice. One such example is a light bulb that behaves like a resistor. It is therefore important to understand how current and voltages vary when resistors are in series or in parallel....
The stress in a body is defined as the force acting per unit area. In practice, due to the presence of multiple forces and the body geometry, stress values vary throughout the body and may lead to areas of stress concentrations. But we will show that even on a single...
In real world designs, parts are rarely simple in geometry and this may lead to areas of stress concentrations. They are also sometimes known as stress risers and can occur whenever there are abrupt changes in geometry or due to the presence of cracks in a material....
